Rabies general introduction rabies, present on all continents and endemic in most african and asian countries, is a fatal zoonotic viral disease, transmitted to humans through contact mainly bites and scratches with infected animals, both domestic and wild. Download risk analysis to evaluate entry of rabies virus into the. In addition, four cases of rabies may have occurred in the united states as the result of exposure to large amounts of aerosolized rabies virus e. Rabies lyssavirus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely wide host range. People should start postexposure prophylaxis pep treatment as soon as they suspect an exposure. Rabies what to do if you have a potential rabies exposure. Many vaccine information statements are rabies vaccine. The virus still remains endemic across much of the developing world, where the majority 99% of human deaths due to rabies occur, mainly in africa and asia although extensive vaccination campaigns in dog and terrestrial wildlife populations. Rabies virus created using powtoon free sign up at create animated videos and animated presentations for free. The lyssaviruses differ antigenically but are morphologically similar and neurotropic. Raccoon rabies virus variant transmitted to a cat is less likely but not impossible to be maintained long enough to be transmitted to another host. The dogs are the major reason behind this, approximately 99% human deaths caused by dogs bites. In people, symptoms of rabies include fever, headache and fatigue, then confusion, hallucinations and paralysis. Six other nonrabies virus species in lyssavirus genus have been reported to cause a clinical picture similar to rabies.
Saliva and brainnervous tissue are considered infectious materials that can transmit rabies virus. Its a ribonucleic acid virus of the animal virus family. The causative agent of rabies is rabies virus rv, a negativestranded rna virus of the rhabdovirus family. Rabies can be prevented by vaccinating pets, staying away from wildlife, and seeking medical care after potential exposures. Backgrounddiscovery the concept behind modern virology can be traced back to adolf mayer, dimitri ivanofsky and martinus beijerinck who, independently in the late 1880s, discovered what was later to. Bullet shaped neurotropic single stranded rna non segmented antisense genome consists of 11,932 nucleotides and encodes 5 proteins.
Structure of the prefusionlocking broadly neutralizing. Although these viruses can readily cause rabies in. Laboratory techniques in rabies world health organization. Causes and transmission rabies is caused by the rabies virus transmitted in the saliva of a rabid animal. The word rabies is derived from the latin word rabere, which means to be mad, to rage, or to rave, the. The purpose of this blog is to inform and educate the public regarding the rabies virus. Rabies virus contains one copy of a singlestranded, nonsegmented, negative noncoding rna of approximately 12,000 nucleotides.
Anjing pembawa virus rabies 2015 this banner text can have markup. Viremia has not been demonstrated, and the virus is intraneuronal during the incubation period. This information should be useful for development of mass vaccination campaigns for dogs and eventual largescale control programs in this country. Over the past few decades, a raccoonspecific variant of rabies virus rrv has invaded large areas of eastern north america. Rabies is usually transmitted through contact with the saliva of an infected animal. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Human pathogens of medical importance are found in the genera lyssavirus and vesiculovirus. Rabies virus, of the family rhabdoviridae, discussed in chapter 29, is an enveloped negativestrand rna virus binder and griffin, 2003. Berikut ini adalah kumpulan pubmed jurnal kesehatan terbaru yang merupakan kumpulan file dari berbagi sumber jurnal, tentang rabies virus yang bisa bapakibu gunakan dan diunduh secara gratis dengan menekan tombol download biru dibawah ini. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less. Vaccine information statement, rabies, what you need to know rabies, rabies fact sheet, rabies vaccine, rabies vaccination, rabies vaccine fact sheet. Rabies is an avertable viral disease caused by the rabid animal to the warm blooded animals zoonotic especially human. The infection process is initiated with adsorption of virus on the host cell. If a person does not receive the appropriate medical care after a potential rabies exposure, the virus can cause disease in the brain, ultimately resulting in death.
Rabies is most commonly spread among animals by the bite direct contact of an infected animal whose saliva contains the virus. Rabies is caused by a singlestranded, negativesense rna virus, maintained in nature by a variety of animal reservoirs. Rabies virus rabv infection of unvaccinated individuals can be treated with post exposure prophylaxis. If contact with either of these has occurred the type of exposure should be evaluated to determine if pep is necessary. The virus is not thought to be spread by blood, urine or feces.
The rabies virus infects the central nervous system. Rhabdovirus virions, like other negativestranded rna viruses, are. These viruses are enveloped and have a single stranded rna genome with. Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. Epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for human rabies and. Rabies definition is an acute virus disease of the nervous system of mammals that is caused by a rhabdovirus species rabies virus of the genus lyssavirus usually transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal and that is characterized typically by increased salivation, abnormal behavior, and eventual paralysis and death when untreated. Common to all members of the family is a distinctive rod or bulletshaped morphology. Overview of rabies in the americas pdf free download. Rabies virus free download as powerpoint presentation. Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains an important public health problem worldwide and causes more than 70,000 human deaths each year. Early signs and symptoms of rabies mimic those of a viral flulike infection. Neuroinvasiveness and neurotropism are the main features that define the pathogenesis of rabies. Interaction takes place between spike g protein and specific cell surface receptors.
Signs of disease involve changes in behavior, such as unusual. Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. Rabies molecular virology, diagnosis, prevention and. The virus, a rhabdovirus, is often present in the salivary glands of rabid animals and is excreted in the saliva. There is no evidence to suggest that an apparently healthy blood donor can transmit rabies, even if incubating clinical rabies. Includes bibliographic data, information about the author of the ebook, description of the ebook and other if such information is available. Rabies virus, epidemiology, transmission and freeroaming.
Rabies virus rabv is the prototype virus of the genus lyssavirus in the family rhabdoviridae. Disease control programs aim to constrain and reduce the spread of infection. Poliovirus, rabies virus the type of disease murine leukemia virus geographic locations sendai virus, coxsackie virus their discovers epsteinbarr virus how they were originally thought to be contracted dengue virus evil spirit, influenza virus the. Rabies continues to infect several persons in the developing world. It is classified as genotype 1, serotype 1 in this genus. We genetically characterized 32 canine rabies viruses isolated in mali during 200620 and identified 3 subgroups that belonged to the africa 2 lineage. Antibodyproducing b cells are critical for control of virus replication and are used in prophylaxis after rabies virus exposure. In humans, rabies can be prevented by immunization soon after exposure.
Molecular characterization of canine rabies virus, mali. Rabies results from infection by the rabies virus, a neurotropic virus in the genus. It is most often seen in the southern united states. The family rhabdoviridae consists of more than 100 singlestranded, negativesense, nonsegmented viruses that infect a wide variety of hosts, including vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Processes underlying rabies virus incursions across us. It can happen in wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. In this article we will discuss about the replication cycle of rabies viruses. Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and australian bat lyssavirus.
The virus can have an incubation period lasting from days to months. Human disease interventions such as wildlife vaccination play a major role in determining the limits of a pathogens spatial distribution. Rabies virus is transmitted through specific bodily excretions and tissue. Rabies is a virus infection that primarily spreads through a bite from an infected animal. Read online risk analysis to evaluate entry of rabies virus into the. It is never too late to seek medical attention for a potential rabies exposure. Rabies lyssavirus, formerly rabies virus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in humans and animals. Rabies fact sheet pennsylvania department of health. Rabies virus, epidemiology, transmission and freeroaming cats. Rabies occurs in more than 150 countries and territories. The incubation period for rabies in humans is usually three to eight weeks, but can be as short as one week to as long as nine years.
Pdf on sep 3, 20, clement wesley gnanadurai and others published rabies. Everything you always wanted to know about rabies virus but. The drawback with bovine foetal kidney cell vaccine was the uncer tainty of supply and the danger of passenger viruses atanasiu, tsiang and. Rabid animals transmit the virus via a bite or saliva exposure. In other parts of canada and north america, strains of rabies virus are present in other species such as raccoons, skunks, foxes and coyotes. Lyssavirus species share many of the biologic and physicochemical features that are associated with other viruses of the rhabdoviridae family. An animals saliva becomes infective once the virus has traveled through the animals nervous system from. There has never been a reported case of rabies infection via a blood transfusion. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. It will go over several elements of the virus including its structure, life cycle, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, prevention, epidemiology, and public health effects. Rabies general introduction world health organization. The authors have investigated the spread of fixed and street strains of rabies virus from the site of injection to the central nervous system and salivary glands in various animal species. It results in fusion of the rabies virus envelope with the host cell membrane.
Rabies virus is the type species of the lyssavirus genus of. This infographic describes the transmission cycle of rabies virus in domestic dogs and the necessity of a. Effective prevention with animal vaccinations and human vaccination can reduce morality and. Rabies virus rabv causes an acute, fatal neurological infection in humans and other mammals.
Raccoon rabies virus variant transmitted to a raccoon is more likely to be maintained long enough to be transmitted to another host. Click the button and the file will be created after the page reloads. Rabies virus and related viruses, including lagos, mokola, and duvenhage viruses, are members of the. Download and save all data of rabies book in one free pdf file. It is spread when an infected animal bites or scratches a human or other animal.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Risk analysis to evaluate entry of rabies virus into the. Under favourable conditions, the virus propagates along nerve tissue from the wound. Rabies is not transmitted by contact with blood, urine or feces, by touching fur, or by being sprayed by a skunk. Silverhaired bats lasionycteris noctivagans and tricolored bats perimyotis subflavus are the two most common bat species associated with this form of infection, though both species are known to have less contact with.
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